Theory
Energy Efficiency Calculations
Last Updated: January 31, 2026One US gallon of gasoline contains the energy equivalent of approximately 36.6 kilowatt hours. An Electrathon vehicle drawing 40 amps for one hour at 24 volts uses 0.960 kWh, which is the equivalent of only 0.0262 gallons of gasoline. This results in an efficiency rating of over 2,370 MPG.+2
Aerodynamic Drag Theory
Last Updated: January 31, 2026Wind resistance becomes a noticeable factor above 15 mph and grows exponentially as speed increases. To optimize performance, builders should strive for a teardrop or airfoil shape to reduce the frontal area and the “wetted area” (the total body surface in contact with the wind).+2
The Physics of Stability
Last Updated: January 31, 2026A stable vehicle requires a center of gravity located below the axles to handle high loads during tight cornering. Weight should be centered to reduce the tendency to spin, with a slight forward bias to increase overall stability.+2
Steering Geometry: Ackermann Angle
Last Updated: January 31, 2026The Ackermann Angle reduces rolling resistance and tire wear by allowing each front wheel to follow a different radius arc through a turn. This is achieved by ensuring the tie rod pivot stays on a line between the kingpin and the center of the rear wheel.+1
Battery Discharge & Voltage Curves
Last Updated: January 31, 2026A fully charged 24V system should show over 26 volts with no load. Under race conditions, voltage will drop to roughly 24 volts, with a steady decline to 21 volts; dropping below 21 volts typically results in rapid power loss and potential battery damage.+1
Transmission & Friction Losses
Last Updated: January 31, 2026Alignment and tension are critical in the drivetrain; a chain that is too tight can result in a power loss of up to 5% due to friction.